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However, while the risk for silent cerebral infarcts (SCI) is also reduced by transfusion, SCI remain a serious concern due to associated neurocognitive deficits in comparison to lesion‐free patients (Debaun et al., 2012, 2014). Until recently, ten percent of children with SCD had a symptomatic, overt stroke, with incidence rates rising to 24% by 45 years of age (Ohene‐Frempong et al., 1998), though in the last 16 years, routine transcranial Doppler (TCD) screening of the Circle of Willis and chronic transfusion therapy when indicated have lowered the risk tenfold (Adams et al., 1998 Bernaudin, Verlhac, Arnaud, Kamdem, Chevret, et al., 2014). While SCD affects many vital organs, damage to brain tissue is among the most concerning due to the profound personal, professional, and social cost to patients (Adams et al., 2002 Debaun & Kirkham, 2016). Individuals living with the disease experience lifelong complications, including anemia, infections, stroke, tissue damage, organ failure, pain crises, and premature death (King et al., 2014 Rees et al., 2010). It is a major public health concern, with over 300,000 children born with SCD each year worldwide, with incidence rates projected to increase to 400,000 by 2050 (Piel et al., 2013). This thesis shows that ongoing spontaneous brain activity contains substantial structure that can be used to further our understanding of brain function.Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inheritable genetic disorder of red blood cells, in which a single base pair DNA mutation causes hemoglobin to polymerize upon deoxygenation, producing sickle‐shaped red blood cells.
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The firing order for many neurons changes over periods longer than 30-minutes suggesting a complex non-stationary temporal neural code may underlie spontaneous and stimulus Single visual cortex neurons active during UP-state transitions fire in a partially preserved order extending previous findings on high firing rate neurons in rat somatosensory and auditory cortex. Synchronized state cat visual and mouse sensory cortex electrophysiological recordings revealed that spontaneously occurring activity UP-state transitions fall into stereotyped classes of events that can be grouped. The mapping technique extends previous work toįurther link spontaneous neural activity across temporal and spatial scales and suggests additional avenues of investigation. Both bursting and tonic firing modes yielded similar maps and the time courses of spike-triggered-maps revealed distinct patterns suggesting such dynamics may constitute intrinsic single neuron properties. Spike-triggered-maps revealed that spontaneously firing cortical neurons were co-activated with homotopic and mono-synaptically connected cortical areas, whereas thalamic neurons co-activated
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Single neuron spontaneous activity was correlated to dorsal cortex neural activity in mice. Simulated datasets have similar characteristics to in vivo acquired data and ongoing larger-scope efforts are proposed for developing the next generation of spike sorting algorithms and extracellular probes. Sorting algorithms tested provided low error rates with operator skill being as important as sorting suite. The aim of this thesis is to characterize spontaneous neural activity across multiple temporal and spatial scales relying on biophysical simulations, experiments and analysis of recordings from the visual cortex of cats and dorsal cortex and thalamus of mouse.īiophysically detailed simulations yielded novel datasets for testing spike sorting algorithms which are critical for isolating single neuron activity. Yet the brains of most animals (and all mammals) are spontaneously active with incoming sensory stimuli modulating rather than driving neural activity. Throughout most of the 20th century the brain has been studied as a reflexive system with ever improving recording methods being applied within a variety of sensory and behavioural paradigms.